ABSTRACT
Periodontitis is a chronic multi factorial infectious disease, characterized by the irreversible destruction of collagen fibers and other matrix constituents of the gingival tissues, periodontal ligament and resorption of alveolar bone around the teeth with the formation of periodontal pocket. Host response to periodontal disease include the production of different enzymes that are released by stromal, epithelial or inflammatory cells associated with cell injury and cell death. The aim of this study was comparison of Salivary alkaline phosphatase enzyme in mild and moderate to severe periodontitis patients and healthy subjects with normal periodontium. In this experimental study, unstimulated saliva of 20 patients with mild periodontitis, 20 patients with moderate to severe periodontitis, and 20 subjects with healthy periodontium were collected. The mean levels of alkaline phosphatase salivary enzymes were measured by kinetic system, finally, data were analyzed by ANOVA and TUKEY tests. Mean level of Alkaline phosphatase salivary enzyme in healthy gingival group was 9.25 +/- 4.3, in mild periodontitis group was 21.3 +/- 7.6 and in moderate to severe periodontitis group was 33. 75 +/- 11. 9 and there was significant differences between three groups [P<0.05]. The results of this study showed that the mean level of Alkaline phosphatase salivary enzymes in periodontally patients was greater than healthy subjects and these enzymes can be good markers for determining amount of destruction of periodontal tissues
ABSTRACT
Licorice [Glycyrrhia glabra L.] is an important herbal medicine that its root extract has long been used for the treatment of various diseases. The essential component of its root is glycyrrhizin. This study was performed to determine the percentage of the extract and glycyrrhizin content of the roots of Glycyrrhiz glabra grown in different areas of Kerman province and some samples in Fars province. Twenty six samples from the roots of Glycyrrhia glabra grown in various areas of Kerman province and 2 samples from Fars Province [a total of 28 samples from 8 regions] were collected and extracted by using ethanol and distilled water [for 5 samples]. The percentage of glycyrrhizin in the extracts was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography [HPLC] technique. Mean percent of extracts from the samples of Fasa and Shiraz in Fars province [18.25 +/- 1.06%], Sirjan [17.29 +/- 0.90%] and Bardsir [16.33 +/- 5.62%] were higher than other areas [P<0.05]. Glycyrrhizin contents of samples of Bardsir [5.09 +/- 0.02%], Sirjan [4.94 +/- 0.75%], Zarand [4.46 +/- 3.34%] were non significantly higher than Glycyrrhizin content of Fars samples [3.65 +/- 0.59%]. The percentage of the extract and glycyrrhizin were higher in ethanol extract compared to the aqueous extract [P<0.05]. Samples with yellow root color had higher percentage of glycyrrhizin than those with brown color and samples of relatively cold and high altitude areas had higher glycyrrhizin content [P<0.001, P<0.05 respectively]. Overall, it is concluded that the percent of extract and glycyrrhizin content of licorice root in the most areas of Kerman is relatively high. Appropriate measures for using this root in the country and for exporting purposes and also industrial growing in potential areas of the Province are recommended